Effect of Liraglutide combined with Jinlida granules on glycolipid metabolism and islet function of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To investigate whether Liraglutide combined with Jinlida granules affects glycolipid metabolism and islet function in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a control group and an observation group were established with 90 T2DM patients. The control group was given Jinlida treatment and the observation group was given liraglutide combined treatment for 12 weeks. The clinical efficacy, glycolipid metabolism, bone metabolism, islet function, and endothelial function. The curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group. After treatment, FBG, 2hPG, HbAlc, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the observation group were lower and HDL-C was higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the observation group showed higher bone mineral density, osteocalcin, FINS, and HOMA-ß and lower HOMA-IR than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, endothelin-1 level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the NO level was higher (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Liraglutide combined with Jinlida in T2DM can improve glucose, lipid, and bone metabolism, promote the recovery of islet function, and enhance vascular endothelial function.

Predictive Analysis of the Pro-Environmental Behaviour of College Students Using a Decision-Tree Model.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has hindered the achievement of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pro-environmental behaviour contributes to the achievement of the SDGs, and UNESCO considers college students as major contributors. There is a scarcity of research on college student pro-environmental behaviour and even less on the use of decision trees to predict pro-environmental behaviour. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the validity of applying a modified C5.0 decision-tree model to predict college student pro-environmental behaviour and to determine which variables can be used as predictors of such behaviour. To address these questions, 334 university students in Guangdong Province, China, completed a questionnaire that consisted of seven parts: the Perceived Behavioural Control Scale, the Social Identity Scale, the Innovative Behaviour Scale, the Sense of Place Scale, the Subjective Norms Scale, the Environmental Activism Scale, and the willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner scale. A modified C5.0 decision-tree model was also used to make predictions. The results showed that the main predictor variables for pro-environmental behaviour were willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner, innovative behaviour, and perceived behavioural control. The importance of willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner was 0.1562, the importance of innovative behaviour was 0.1404, and the perceived behavioural control was 0.1322. Secondly, there are 63.88% of those with high pro-environmental behaviour. Therefore, we conclude that the decision tree model is valid in predicting the pro-environmental behaviour of college student. The predictor variables for pro-environmental behaviour were, in order of importance: Willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner, Environmental Activism, Subjective Norms, Sense of Place, Innovative Behaviour, Social Identity, and Perceived Behavioural Control. This study establishes a link between machine learning and pro-environmental behaviour and broadens understanding of pro-environmental behaviour. It provides a research support with improving people's sustainable development philosophy and behaviour.

Understanding CO2 capture kinetics and energetics by ionic liquids with molecular dynamics simulation.

Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are recognized to be potential media for CO2 capture, but the interaction nature is less documented which hinders the future development of ILs with high CO2 solvation capability. Here, through all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the solvation process of CO2 with four representative ILs, [EMIM][BF4], [BMIM][BF4], [EMIM]CL and [BMIM]CL was systematically studied. Our data clearly reflect the fact that hydrophobic components from both cations and anions dominate CO2 solvation because IL-CO2 attraction is mainly driven by the van der Waals attractions. Consequently, cations with longer alkyl chain (for instance, [BMIM]+ than [EMIM]+) and anions with higher hydrophobicity (for instance, [BF4]- than CL-) effectively enhance CO2 solvation. For all the ILs under study, addition of water into ILs abates CO2 solvation through regulating the anion-CO2 interactions. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that ILs with a hydrophobic anion ([BF4]- in this study) are more resistant to the existence of water to capture CO2 than ILs with a hydrophilic anion (Cl- in this study). Free energy decomposition analyses were conducted which support the above findings consistently. Generally, it is predicted that cations with long alkyl chain, anions with high hydrophobicity, and ILs with smaller surface tension are potentially effective CO2 capturing media. Our present study helps the deep understanding of the CO2 capturing mechanism by ILs and is expected to facilitate the future design and fabrication of a novel IL medium for gas capture and storage.

SHIP2 on pI3K/Akt pathway in palmitic acid stimulated islet ß cell.

This study is to investigate the influence of SHIP2 on palmitic acid stimulated islet ß cell and insulin secretion, as well as its role in pI3K/Akt pathway. We defined four groups: control, acid group, acid + NC siRNA group and acid + siRNA transfection group. The control was neither treated by palmitic acid nor transfection. The acid group was subjected to palmitic acid incubation. The acid + NC siRNA group was transiently transfected by NC siRNA, then was stimulated by palmitic acid. The acid + siRNA group was transiently transfected by siRNA, then was stimulated by palmitic acid. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT and flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot and QPCR were designed to detect the expression of SHIP2, Akt, p-Akt protein and mRNA. Insulin secretion was tested by radioimmunoassay. The apoptosis rate in the acid + siRNA group was non-significantly lower than the acid group and the acid + NC siRNA group (P > 0.05). The expression levels of Akt phosphorylation in the acid + siRNA group was significantly higher than in the acid + NC siRNA group and the acid group (P < 0.05). And under 22.4 mmol/L glucose KRB, insulin secretion in the acid + siRNA group was significantly more than the acid + NC siRNA group and the acid group (P < 0.05). SHIP2 silencing probably stimulates insulin secretion, which may be associated with the enhanced proliferation in the pI3K/Akt pathway.